In this chapter I am listing words that are commonly used in photography. I will also give you a definition and tell you what they mean and when they are used.

Word	Definition and example of use
Astro tracer	Astrotracer is Pentax’s unique builtin startracking system. Instead of moving the whole camera on a motorized mount, Pentax uses the inbody image stabilization (IBIS) mechanism to physically move the sensor, so it follows the motion of the stars. This allows longer exposures without star trails, even on a normal tripod.
Burst shooting	Burst shooting is when you continuously press the shutter release button. By doing that the camera will “fire away” and take lots of pictures until you release the button again. Note that most cameras have settings for if you want to do burst images or not, and that this function easts memory for breakfast. This can be a handy function in sports and wildlife photography.
f-number	Fnumbers, also called fstops or aperture values, describe the ratio between a lens’s focal length and the diameter of its entrance pupil. They determine how much light the lens allows to reach the camera sensor. On a general note, a lens with the lower f-number as possible is desirable, but you should know when to use different f-numbers as they can have different effects on your images.
Focal length	Focal length is a measurement (in millimeters) that tells you how “zoomed in” a lens is and how wide or narrow its field of view will be. It does not describe the physical length of the lens. It describes the optical distance inside the lens system that determines how the lens projects the scene onto the camera sensor.
Historygram	A histogram is a graph that displays the distribution of brightness levels in an image, from the darkest tones on the left to the brightest highlights on the right. It helps photographers evaluate exposure more accurately than by looking at the camera screen alone. This allows you to quickly see whether your image is underexposed, overexposed, or well balanced.
ISO	ISO performance tells you how well the camera handles low light without drowning your images in noise.
Light pollution	Light pollution is unwanted artificial light from human activity that brightens the night sky and reduces the contrast needed to photograph faint astronomical objects. For astrophotographers, it acts like a permanent “glow” in the sky that washes out stars, nebulae, and the Milky Way.
Monopod	A monopod is a singlelegged camera support used to help stabilize your camera. It works like a simplified tripod: instead of three legs, it has one, which makes it lighter, faster to set up, and easier to move with.
RAW file format	A RAW file format in photography is a type of image file that contains unprocessed, uncompressed data captured directly from a camera’s sensor. Because the data hasn’t been altered by incamera processing (like sharpening, contrast, or compression), it preserves the maximum amount of detail and gives photographers far greater flexibility when editing.
Shutter release button	A shutter release button is the control you press to take a photo. It’s one of the most important physical controls on any camera, but the term can refer to two related things: This is the button on top of the camera body that halfpressed activates autofocus and metering, or fullpressed actually take the picture. It’s called a shutter release because pressing it “releases” the shutter mechanism to expose the sensor. The other thing is the external shutter release (Remote Release). This is a separate device you plug into or wirelessly connect to the camera to trigger the shutter without touching the camera.
Shutter speed	Shutter speed defines whether you can freeze fast action or create smooth, artistic motion. Autofocus speed, buffer capacity, dynamic range, and image stabilization all shape how versatile the camera is — whether you're shooting sports, landscapes, portraits, or everyday moments.
Tripod	A tripod is a stable threelegged support stand used to keep a camera steady. Its main job is to prevent camera shake so you can take sharp photos—especially in low light, long exposures, or when using heavy lenses. The word comes from tri (three) + pod (foot). For astro work, a tripod is essential.
Metering	Metering is the process your camera uses to measure the brightness of a scene so it can determine the correct exposure settings.

Glossary

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